Design Proposal for Smartphone Technology

Design Proposal for Smartphone TechnologyHUMAN MOBILEYour personal invisible communication planThe goal of this project is to propose an innovative and futuristic design of new era liquid smartphone. It is been suggested that the whole device go forth be inserted to the frame-h earted body. The aim of the following analysis and key points atomic number 18 the correct choice of the right visibles for the task, with focus on the biocompatibility and the practicality of them.Due to the introduction of the smartphone as we know it nowadays, our chance(a) routine has considerably improved. With a device that fits in a pocket, it is possible to communicate instantaneously with anyone that has an internet connection e precisewhere on the planet, use it as a precise navigator while a couple of years ago it could only be done with a separated device, dupe payments by dint of and through i-banking and not wasting valuable time during the day to deal with common banking transactions and the list goes on and on.It is not unreasonable to say that a backbreaking bond is developed surrounded by the user and the mobile phone. People be r arely separated from their mobile phones and use them consistently. The constant use and dependence to the mobile phone sight lead to some(prenominal) occupations which are the commandment of carrying the device permanently, the limited outpouring life although the progress made the need of carrying a charger or a power bank and finally, there is the probability of theft (especially if it is a advanced value device) leading to the exposure of private data.The introduced design potentiometer provide total privacy, a fabulous experience in video streaming through a contact lens and leaves the word charging back to history.3.1. puzzle scopeHuman Mobile is a series of the micro-devices implanted into the gentle body, through signal transmittance from each component to achieve several functions. in that respect are umteen a(prenominal) problems to take in consideration, which areEach device should have a relatively long life span.Reduce potential radiation. clarified caloric diffusivity.Bio-compatibility.In conventional mobile phones, replacement the rate of the old generation by the recent one is frequent, human mobile focus on providing client privacy and latest technology. All the devices will be implanted in the human body, so the growth essential be designed with a long life span. Radiation is a potential problem that many people care about, due to fact that high amounts of radiation faecal matter burn down cancerogenesis. All devices should have an excellent thermal diffusivity allowing quick heat evacuation to reduce the possibility of the devices overheat that can lead to an explosion. The most significant problem is to secure the bio-compatibility of all the get outs. Nobody wants to implant an instrument in the body that can cause health issues even though it is convenient.The above parameters will attain the selection of fabrics. All materials must meet the conditions mentioned above.3.2. Design requirementThe human mobile consists of five main components an ultra-thin micro Bluetooth speaker implant in the ear a photo visual make foror, in the shape of a contact lens, making it easy to put on and take off a wedge sensor, that acts as a keyboard and mouse a circuit board containing crisp, acting as the brain of the human mobile, responsible for transmitting signals between the processor and the outermost world, it will be implanted in arms a battery to provide electricity legitimate, it will be implanted under the foot. All these devices will be covered by a radiation-reducing coating material, at the same time the coating material must also have excellent thermal diffusivity.2.2.1. Ultra-thin micro Bluetooth speakerMicro Bluetooth is implanted behind the ear, it should be as thin as possible, and the level of sounds should be lower than normal Bluetoo th speaker, because high gaudiness noises will harm the ear.2.2.2. Photovisual processorThe Photo visual processor is a contact-lens like processor, a micro OLED screen included in to provide digital photo during use, the digital photo connects with the processor sensor, and the customer enjoys an experience of touch-screen all(prenominal)where. The processor must be comfortable to the eyeballs.2.2.3. Pressure sensorA pressure sensor implanted in the fingertip, with a microchip attached as well and according to the change of pressure from the fingertip, the pressure sensor catches the signal and the microchip process it then sends the signal to the visual processor. The sensor should be as tiny as possible to implant in the fingertip.2.2.4. CPUThis is the most important part of the human mobile normally a CPU is occupying quite a large size when implanted it in the human body, so the implanting position must be a seldom utilize area, like arms or legs. At the same time, the CPU b oard should be relatively flexible to turn down and absorb hits and shocks from the external environment. The size of it should be as small as possible.2.2.5 BatteryA battery is needed to provide current to each component. The battery must be able to provide adequate current, and at the same time to generate current as well. A piezoelectric battery is chosen it can generate current by compression. The battery will be implanted under the foot, so people can generate current by walking.2.2.6 CoatingsThe coating material is used to cover every facility that is implanted in the human body. It must be bio-compatible and non-toxic. Moreover, during the selection of the coating material, a radiation-reduced material is preferred.3.3. Design descriptionWhen customer using human mobile, the CPU will send/receive signals at first, and then transmit these signals into voice/visual lick to micro speaker/visual processor. When the user would like to reply at messages, he can easily use his fi nger tip to type messages through a lighten keyboard provided by the visual processor. Also to a greater extent(prenominal) entertainment purpose functions can be achieved by these facilities.For human-mobile design, a combination of cost efficiency, electrical properties, thermal expansion and density are crucial. Biocompatibility for each material is not particularly included because the electrical component will be coated with a biocompatible coating. All of those considerations were put together for an Ashby diagram to be constructed.To reduce the price for implanted surgery, the price for each material is constraint to be no more than 25/kg while the density has its limit below 10g/cm3. Various materials from each group were selected for six major parts of the design based on the diagram in Figure 1.Figure 1. Ashby Diagram4.1MicroprocessorEvery device has a brain to control its functions. It builds-up from four main parts into one, known as microprocessor. These parts are tra nsistor, resistor, capacitor, and diode. According to WhatIs.com (2015), transistor is a device that controls the flow of current and voltage, acts as a switch on/off gate for electronic signals. Conductive materials like metal will easily transfer the electrical flow without control, while isolator materials like plastic will transmit neither current nor voltage. Semiconductor is the perfect material that able to transport the electrical flow and control it1.Radio-electronic.com (n, d) listed some of semiconductor materials that are widely used in electronic devices. Germanium is on the top list, and placed on the second but is the most used for electronic devices 2. Even though the charge carrier mobility is less(prenominal) than germanium, it offers a lot easier manufacturing process, exists as the second most abundant elements on earth, hence more high-octane cost for production 3.The second component is the resistor. electrical resistance has a specific and unchanging resistan ce that will limit the flow of electrons through the circuit 4. The different point between a resistor and a transistor is that the fist only consumes the power but cannot generate it like transistor, thence it is a passive component. Materials used for making a resistor can be divided into twain parts, the wire and the core. The wire usually made from carbon, metal alloy (nickel-alloy), metal oxide or foil. Meanwhile, the core often made from ceramic, fiber wish-wash, or carbon 5.To store the electrical charge of electronic devices, capacitor is used. Capacitor is made from conductive and dielectric material. insulator material is a non-conductive substance that determines the properties of capacitor. SCHOOT (2014) stated, glass ceramic is a pore free material which able to assist high dielectric strength and provide a high storage density. It is very suited to be applied as a capacitor, especially if manufactured in nano-sized crystalline structure 6.Finally, the last component that controls the microprocessor is the diode. It functions as a ascendence of which direction the current flow, prevents damage to the circuit due to back flow or electromotive force, and consist of cathode and anode 7. It also provides time lag to stabilize the power deep down the circuit. Diodes usually are made from semiconductor materials like silicon. Electrons in P-type and N-type of silicon guideed with each other, they tend to build up until it prevents the free movement of any moreover electron 8. To increase the conductivity of the circuit, copper or gold are deposited by electroplating process 9.For this design, the materials chosen for the microprocessor are silicon for both transistor and diode, fibreglass for the substrate of resistor and nickel alloy for its wire and glass ceramic for the capacitor. Properties of selected materials are summarized in table 1.4.2 BatteryTo provide electricity for the component to work, efficient battery which provide enough energy needs to be chosen. Considering biocompatibility of the component, green energy were chosen for the design. integrity of the options is piezoelectric a material. Piezoelectric can be defined any material, which converts kinetic energy into electricity. The atoms inside the piezoelectric crystal are arranged in an unsymmetrical way but however their charges are balanced 10. Applying mechanical force into the crystal will disturb the arrangement and misplace the atoms, creating net electrical charges. Utilizing its feature, a piezoelectric device can return self-sufficient energy system.Piezoelectric materials can be found in either natural or synthetic. Natural crystals which exhibits this characteristics are quartz, topaz, and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate)10. synthetic substance ceramic materials with a perovskite crystalline structure are materials such as Lead Zirconia Titanate (PZT) or more environmental friendly lead-free piezoceramic. One example of lead-free pie zoceramic material that shows big potential is Potasium Sodium Niobate (KNN).Figure 2. How Piezoelectricity Works10KNN based piezoceramic shows competitive value of dielectric constant (driven charge per social unit force applied in the parallel/perpendicular direction) for about 9.01-13.81 F/m (10-9) compared to PZT 15.3-16.59 F/m (10-9)11. From medical aspect, bone can be categorized as piezoelectric material because apatite-collagen relationship can be assumed like p-n junctions12. Cytotoxities of KNN have also been evaluated and viability of mouse fibroblast cultured for 24 h were independently 84%, which means the ion dissolution relatively controllable12. Alternative material, for example quartz or the synthetic version of it is fused silica, which has high purity silicon. It has been used for many medical instruments due to its inert properties and biocompatible with humans body13. Comparing between KNN and quartz, it is more costly efficient and superior properties to use q uartz than KNN.Table 1. Properties for electrical materialMaterialsDensity/gcm-3Thermal expansion coefficient/strainoC-1Electrical resistivity/ohm.cmDielectric strength/MVm-1Quartz2.200.48 0.523.16e24 1e2625 40Glass ceramic 96582.528.72 9.073.16e19 3.16e2038 40 ti2.332 3.21e6 1e105 12Graphite2.237 7.59276 348 copper color C151008.9416.8 16.91.91 2.04Germanium5.325.91e5 5e716Gold19.314.22.44KNN4.16.58e6 5e81.34.3 talker OLEDAs for a speaker used in the human mobile, the ultra-thin speakers were chosen. Piezoelectric speakers are chose for the reason they are much thinner than the speakers normally used in mobile phones 14-16. In the design of human mobile, we used a kind of piezoelectric speakers with a good sound quality and with a thickness of 0.9-mm. This kind of ultra-thin speaker mentioned in this design has already been successfully used in slim mobile phones nowadays.The ultra-thin piezoelectric speakers are made up of 4 sections, single-layer piezoceramics, sh im materials, an elastic polymer and frame, as the picture shown below. Figure 3. Piezoelectric Speaker Figure 4. OLED 4 layersBoth sides of the speakers are covered by a silver electrode. Zirconnia and ceramics with an advantage in thickness is used as the piezoceramics layer 17. Copper is used as the shim material and the surfaces of the copper are covered by the piezoceramics. This kind of section is used to construct a bimorph transducer. PTT film is placed between the 0.9-mm-thick frame and shim, and the bimorph transducer was then attached to the frame. In the selection of materials, the most important aspects we have to consider about are the thickness, density, thermal expansion coefficient, and electrical resistivity.An adherent is used in the structure to connect all the materials together, and an ultra-thin speaker is created by arranging in a concentric circle .OLED is used in the construction of human mobile. Its principle is that through the smallest details of chemi cal structure or processing make the devices lighten and display. The construction of OLED is made up of 4 sections, cathode, emissive and conductive layer, anode, and substrate. The following picture shows us the details of an OLED.According to the application, though there are many options for each layer, we choose the materials with better properties and lower price. We choose high density porous polyethylene (HDPE) as anode 18, for the reason of its high density, and for the material selection of cathode, often calcium which satisfies the conditions under the construction of OLED. The anode, of course, must be vaporific so that the emitted photons can exit the device. As consider the human mobile is a flexible device 19 so we choose Polyethylene as the materials of emissive and conductive layer. When we talk about materials selection, we talk about how does this product works, what is this products function, what requirements we need to meet, what materials we choose.Table 2. P roperties of the materials used in speakersMaterialsDensity/Kgm-3Thermal expansion coefficient/strainoC-1Electrical resistivity/ohm.cmDielectric strength/MVm-1Zirconia5.99e3-6.11e37.8-8.11e17-3.16e184-6Copper8.94e3-8.95e316.8-16.91.91-2.04PTT1.3e3-1.33e3138-1421.43e22-8.4e2231.4-32.6Aluminum3.94e3-3.96e37.7-8.51e19-3.16e2010-21Table 3. Properties of the materials used in OLEDMaterialsDensity/Kgm-3Thermal expansion coefficient/strainoC-1Electrical resistivity/ohm.cmDielectric strength/MVm-1HDPE920-1.24e3176-1842.37e23-2.13e2424.4-29.9calcium3.05e3-3.15e311.4-14Polyethylene134-160111-1236.31e21-4.26e22LDPE16-20190-2201e21-1e234-64.5. Pressure sensor systemThe pressure sensor system is used to measure the pressure parameters which are being tested, which have been divided into two parts.The first part is the main part, pressure sensor, which is made of silicon (a traditional material for sensor) aim for receiving force signal. The second part is a small microchip which process signal a nd send it to the CPU. The material of the second part is same as the main microchips.The whole pressure sensor system acts as a mouse to achieve the anywhere touch-screen function through visual processing lens signal.4.6. Coating materialsA coating material is used for protection. Because our products need to be implant into human the body, we need an absolutely safe coating to prevent harmful accident happening.The coating must meet the standards which are bio-compatibility, very obtuse or no degradation, and good surface properties.So, a choice of three kinds of materials has been made for the customer. First of all is bio glass 8625. Secondly, a hydrophilic coating suitable for vascular implants and finally silicone. These three materials both have a long-life, comfort surface and minimized radiation, and both of them are bio-compatible.When we decide to market a product, several critical factors should be consideredThe competition from other peersDefine the ideal customerThe unique selling propositionTestingMedia campaignsOur aim is to design a human mobile, according to research. No one has invented this human mobile. Once we designed human mobile, there is no direct competition from other peers, but we should inform the customer what are the differences between our product and a conventional mobile phone, and what kinds of proceedss can a customer get from this product. The cell phone in nowadays has many different functions, it is difficult to let customer accept our product. People may think we already have iPhone, why should we implant a mobile in our body.Thats why we need to define our customer, we cannot assume that all customers will accept the idea behind our product, but we can focus to a specific customer. Our product is based on convey message, GPS, WIFI and personal ID verification. Nowadays, young people are interested in new technology, and they text each other every day anytime, and are permanently connected to WIFI. So they may be cur ious and would like to try this new product. Moreover, they may think it is cool to implant a mobile phone into their body. The cost of the product is 689, which is not cheap, but nowadays, the young people would like to pay for that even they cannot afford it. The iPhone is the example.There are two main factors in unique selling propositionBenefit commitment. We need to tell the customer to know what the specific functions of our product are, and what actual benefit they can get.Unique. We need to emphasise our special function that our peers dont have. This will be achieved through the advertising and news conference. Only new and unique can attract customers eye.The product must be carefully tested due to fact that it is implanted in the human body for several years. Lab test can be done to simulate the human body conditions. Also to have more prompt results and not to wait years to observe a change, more aggressive conditions can be applied during the testing. This will help de fine the limits of the materials and map eventual regions of the components that are more susceptible to damage than others and therefore require more frequent inspection and monitoring.5. As a new product, the marketing questionnaire is necessary. Is it the fastest and easiest way to know the customer would accept our product or not, and which kind of people would like to buy our product. Furthermore, we can adjust and improve our product according to the feedback from the questionnaire.Media campaigns are necessary part of marketing advertisement and news conferences are the best way to promote our product. But it requires a significant budget. However, the profit will excess what we paid for the marketing campaign.As regarding the cost, according to materials we selected, and profits that a company is required to make, the cost of our product is 689. The price includes the price of materials (the price of the materials are based on RS component website 20), manufacturing and lab our cost. Surgery fees are included. Also, as a new product, we dont want the price of our product excess the existing successful product, like iPhones and Samsung Galaxy series. The average price of the iPhone and Samsung is 700. So the price we are offering it makes the customer think about what kind of features he can get with same amount of money.References1 WhatIs.com, (2015). What is transistor? Definition from WhatIs.com. online Available at http//whatis.techtarget.com/ translation/transistor accessed 7 March 20172 Radio-electronics.com, (n,d). Semiconductor Materials Types Groups Classifications List. online Available at http//www.radio-electronics.com/info/ data/semicond/semiconductor/semiconductor-materials-types-list.php Accessed 7 March 20173 Reference, (2017). 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