Montreal Massacre

The Montreal Massacre – Assignment ! What motivates a person to shoot 27 women, killing 14 of them, before turning the gun onto themselves? Could it be their culture, their personality, or the groups they are involved with? Just after 5pm on Wednesday, December 6, 1989, Marc Lepine disturbingly shot and killed many women at Ecole Polytechnique in Montreal, before killing himself. Lepine purposely ordered the men out of the classroom, giving him a clear shot of the women. He claimed that, â€Å"They were the type of people that ruined his life. Lepine was known to be a loner, with few close friends as well as domineering with women. Different social scientist such as Anthropologists, Sociologists and Psychologists will interpret Lepine? s motives differently and each claim that they have the answer to the question everyone is asking, â€Å"Why did Lepine do what he did? † I believe that a psychologist has the best reasoning for Lepine? s behavior. ! One in ? ve women ha ve been or will be sexually abused and one in four have been or will be physically abused. From an anthropological perspective, the culture that Marc Lepine grew up in plays a signi? ant role in ? nding out the reasons behind what he did. Growing up, Lepine was always domineering with women and had dif? culty establishing close relationships with them. These factors in Lepine? s life in? uence his actions in 1989 when he killed many women in the school. Lepine? s inability to establish relationships with women caused him to feel frustrated. Clearly, Lepine did not know what to do with his frustration, so he dealt with it the only way he knew possible. Another explanation for Marc Lepine? s behavior is the media. In our culture, the media plays a very important role in our lives and in? ences the decisions that humans make. Movies tend to glamorize violence towards women and advertisements regularly use women as sex objects to sell things. This cruelty to women is seen everywhere we go, and it causes humans to think that it is okay. In? uences like this from the media concerning violence towards women made Lepine feel that his assault was justi? able. From an anthropological point of view, Marc Lepine killed many women at the Ecole Polytechnique because of his past with women, and the media making it seem that violence towards women is justi? ble. ! Mass killers all have very similar characteristics, for example, they are often loners with few friends. From a sociological perspective, the way in which Marc Lepine interacts with others can be compared to cases dealing with the same type of crime. It is often seen that murderers who go on killing sprees similar to what Lepine did, will appear calm on the out side. However, inside they are tormented by the lack of control they have in their lives. This need for control leads people like Lepine to commit crimes such as mass shootings.Factors such as past life experiences affect a person greatly on the inside and ma y have played an important role in why Lepine did what he did. It is noticed that men like Lepine who victimize women in this way tend to have dif? culty dealing with their emotions and in turn take out their anger in a negative way. It has been found that mass murderers tend to be the â€Å"outcasts. † They are usually loners with few friends and tend to blame others for their perceived lack of respect, freedom and companionship. Lepine had lived in an apartment with a friend that he had known since childhood and had dif? ulty creating new, lasting relationships with others-especially with women. As well, Lepine claimed to the women that, â€Å"They were the type of people who had ruined his life. † This blame that Lepine puts on women shows a direct relation to other murderers who have committed the same type of crime. From a sociological view, it is noticed that there are similarities between what Marc Lepine did and the crimes of other murderers and there are commo n factors that drive a person to kill other human beings. These factors consist of: having few friends, physical and/or sexual abuse as a child, family trouble, or other past life experiences. To ? nd out the reasons behind why an individual will commit such a horrible crime, past life experiences must be taken into account. From a psychological perspective, Marc Lepine? s actions were a direct re? ection of his thoughts, feelings and past. Lepine had always felt like a loner and an outcast. When he tried to join the Canadian Armed Forces he was turned down because his personality was considered unsuitable. This rejection only added to Marc? s feeling of not being good enough and made him feel like he was not accepted in society. When faced with dif? ult situations in his life, Marc showed a tendency to violent behavior. Because he did not know how to deal with the emotions he was feeling inside, he used weapons as an outlet for his problems. The fascination that Lepine had with gun s from an early age, and the fact that he spent time hunting at his Uncle? s farm proves that he would be capable of a mass shooting. Another reason for Lepine? s actions is the way he grew up. Lepine and his mother were both regularly beaten by his father. As well, his father continually expressed his belief that women are inferior to men.Clearly Lepine? s father is an important factor in why Lepine killed many women in the Montreal school in 1989. Lepine? s father did not show any respect towards women, and since that is what Marc saw every day of his life, he thought it was right, or normal. To a psychologist, Lepine? s childhood played an important role in the type of person that he grew up to be. He did not know how to deal with the emotions he was feeling and so he took out his anger on the women of Ecole Polytechnique. ! In conclusion, each of the social sciences claim that their perception of Lepine? motives are the correct one. I believe that each of the experts have valid points and any of them could be the reason Lepine shot and killed many women at a school in Montreal in 1989 before turning the gun onto himself. However, I do believe that the psychological perspective has the strongest points. It is our past experiences that shape us into the person we are. Lepine committed the crime he did because of his thoughts and feelings which turned violent from the regular beatings him and his mother had received from his father.Growing up with his father who had no respect for women, made Lepine think that violence towards women was justi? able. As well, Lepine had few friends and was considered a loner. He was not able to join the Canadian Armed Forces, which just added to his sense that he was not good enough. All these factors built up in Lepine? s life when ? nally he could not hold it in any long and he snapped. The blame that he put on women for his lack of companionship resulted in the mass shooting. After he realized what he had done, the guilt wa s immense, so he turned the gun on himself and pulled the trigger.

Compare Macbeth to a Film Adaptation Essay

In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth† the audience witness’s one man’s overriding ambitions to his iconic fall. Shakespeare makes a point of showing the deterioration of the Macbeth that entered the stage in Act 1 and the Macbeth that dies in act 7, showing that even the deep morality and honesty of a man like a man can worsen into a man who is willing to kill his own King – a deadly sin in Shakespeare’s 17th century. Throughout my piece I shall make unifying links between the adaptation directed by Mark Brozel and the original text wrote by none other than Shakespeare. For the period of Act 1, Scene 2, Macbeth is hailed as the very heroic and brave â€Å"Worthy gentleman!† who â€Å"carved out his passage Till he faced the slave;† this suggests two points already, the fact that Macbeth is a graceful fighter who elegantly â€Å"carved† his way through the battle which also suggests that he is as much a perfectionist in the play as he is a cook in the adaptation. The perfection we see in the play is the perfection of murder, how he kills people so wonderfully and gracefully without any shame. Whereas the adaptation shows a more remorseful Macbeth, it pains him to kill animals inhumanely and uses a less murderous way when he has to, he cooks for perfection also, and before his breakdown at his restaurant he refuses to serve the food late when it was ready at the time, saying â€Å"you can’t keep perfection under the light†, only a perfectionist would inherit such a trait. Plus, he mentions that †the first rule in the kitchen is respect†. In Act 1 Scene 3, you begin to see Macbeth’s character really emerge. In the play Macbeth is intrigued by the witches, this highlights two point, he wants to know more â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more† for the reason of asking more questions, because the idea has been proposed that he shall be king and Cawdor. However Joe Macbeth laughs at the idea of being the head chef at his Duncan’s restaurant, he finds it delusional and this is the main difference between the two. The Play’s Macbeth is already showing signs of being delusional from the â€Å"aside† side notes but the Macbeth of the adaptation is calmer, more collected. Macbeth battles with himself to then only later write Lady Macbeth a letter telling her all about what has happened. This is because Macbeth in the play is very insecure Macbeth; he is so overrun by the idea that he can be king he begins to speak to himself as â€Å"aside† followed by the quote of â€Å"Gl amis, and thane of Cawdor! The greatest is behind† showing his yearning for power and how his desires, in this case the desire to even have a chance of being king, suddenly take control of his actions and this becomes his tragic flaw. It prevents him from becoming aware of when to stop and think about the consequences; alternatively the Macbeth in the film is more aware of his actions, when forced to fire his two chefs he does so but his guilt consumes him, he realises the tragic outcome of his actions and how his two employees won’t be able to follow their dreams, so he all willingly gives them a large sum of money, this is something the play scripts Macbeth would never do, because he is unaware of the outcomes of his actions. The second point is how intrigued Macbeth is in the play when he is proposed with the idea of becoming the Thane of Cawdor and the King himself; he doesn’t plan the death of Duncan because, to build on my point earlier, he doesn’t want to kill Duncan, Duncan is aware of how morally wrong it is and the guilt that will live with him. He is just interested by the idea of being the King and Duncan just happens to be in his way. His motivation is fuelled by desire and ambition, however what you see in Joe Macbeth is different – Joe, when proposed with the idea of being head chef laughs, but soon gains interest later, but the interest is because he would get to kill Duncan and this is shown by the jealous looks given at the beginning of the play, his motivation is fuelled by jealousy. Joe Macbeth even before considering the idea of being head chef starts to plan Duncan’s murder, this is evident in the scene where Duncan takes Joe Macbeth aside and Joe tells Duncan â€Å"the chance of you being run over by a bus are zero† this shows that Joe has started considering the idea of it happening even before telling Lady Macbeth about the witches prophecies or taking into account the idea of being the head chef. In the play Macbeth seems to be in awe of King Duncan, Macbeth feels any work done on the request of or for Duncan is not work at all, but duty, Macbeth admires Duncan as a King and respects him as I quote â€Å"The service and the loyalty I owe In doing it pays itself. Your highness’ part Is to receive our duties, and our duties Are to your throne and state children and servant† (Act 1, Scene 4) Macbeth and Duncan have a respected relationship, one where they are grateful of each other and admire one another in the first Act, this makes the murder of Duncan even harder and that’s why he chooses to murder Duncan at night. His hand can commit the murder without his eye having to witness it. Somehow this will make the guilt and betrayal less. Macbeth changes throughout as his character develops, in comparison to the relationship between Duncan and Macbeth in the film adaptation is to a certain extent, unalike. When asked about a recipe of Duncan’s Macbeth replies with a jealous voice â€Å"yes, that’s mine† the relationship between Duncan and Joe Macbeth is strained. Joe knows he is the reason the restaurant is so successful and it pains him to lose credit where credit is due .Joe is envious of Duncan, this is confirmed through the first confrontation between the two and how Joe uses only â€Å"Duncan† as a greeting, to represent his cold emotionless feelings towards Duncan.

The Effect of Divorce on Children

AN ESSAY The Effect of Divorce on Children Family values are highly praised. When the family is broken up it can lead to divorce and ultimately many negative implications. So what is effect of divorce on children? Is it always negative? Needless to say, in today’s society, divorce has become a norm in our lives. Married couples today split up due to many different reasons, either because of conflicts in the marriage, lost of romantic feelings, a spouse committing an affair or some other type of marriage problems. Most of these divorced couples have children that are very young and very often don't have an idea how to deal with an event like a divorce. These children will have to learn to deal with their parent’s divorce, sometimes at very young age, affecting them in a positive or negative way. To begin with, divorce hurts children more than parents realize. It is always a traumatic experience in a person's life, especially a child's. When parents divorce, children are not always understand it. This omission can lead to problems with the child's perception of daily life. The impact divorce has on a family is more prominent to the children of the family than the parents. First of all, children have many of their own daily struggles to cope with, such as peer pressure. Adults sometimes forget what it is like to be a child. Many parents do not realize how something like divorce could possibly affect their children as much as it does themselves. As the case may be, children are strongly affected by divorce as they experience some kind of emotional change. Children’s relationships with their friends and relatives may become damaged. Secondly, divorce can also create an unhappy, unfriendly environment for the children. They may not like the person that their mother or father has chosen to be with. This can cause conflicts between stepparents, parents, and children. Children would also have the mental problem of choosing which parent to live with. This can cause a child to be confused and stressed because of the love the child has for both parents. He or she may start to show favoritism towards one of the parents. What is more, kids may look towards other things or relationships to ensure the trust that they were deprived from. For example, children may start taking drugs to relieve them of the stress they have gone through with their parents divorce. Besides, divorce can also cause children to look at marriage as being negative rather than positive. Some children may have problems with future relationships due to the example they receive from their own parents. To my mind, divorce can have long lasting affects on children. Divorce will never be considered a positive solution, nor will children ever be not affected by it in a negative way. Before couples get divorce, they should consider their children first and how it will affect them. Divorce may be the way out for parents, but it always hurts children’s psychological and social health.

Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth

Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth: Institutions and Innovations Debesh Roy( I. Introduction An essential pre-requisite for inclusive and sustainable growth is capital formation through credit and financial services. While the benefits of growth due to reforms in India, have concentrated in the hands of those already served by the formal financial system, a large section of the rural and urban poor still do not have access to the formal banking channel. The backward regions of the country, too, lack basic financial infrastructure.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has, therefore, formulated the policy of financial inclusion with a view to provide banking services at an affordable cost to the disadvantaged and low-income groups. Financial inclusion makes growth broad based and sustainable by progressively encompassing the hitherto excluded population. The idea of financial inclusion in India has its roots in the co-operative movement which started in the year 1904. Historically, na tionalization of commercial banks in 1969 was the most significant effort towards financial inclusion, which led to the spread of bank branches in rural and semi-urban areas.The access to banking services has increased considerably, as may be gauged from the fact that the average population per branch has decreased from 64,000 in 1969 to 13,400 as at the end of March 2011[1]. However, there are still some under-banked states in the country like Bihar, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and the North-Eastern States. Further, in spite of the enhanced outreach of banks in rural areas and the implementation of directed credit, the growing credit needs of farmers, rural artisans and entrepreneurs could not be adequately met from banks during the post-nationalization period.The RBI, therefore, urged banks to review their existing banking practices to align them with the objective of financial inclusion. According to the RBI (RBI, 2008) access to safe, easy and affordable credit and other financial services by the poor and vulnerable groups, disadvantaged areas and lagging sectors is recognized as a pre-condition for accelerating growth and reducing income disparities and poverty. Moreover, access to a well-functioning financial system, by reating equal opportunities, enables economically and socially excluded people to integrate better into the economy and actively contribute to development and also protect themselves against economic shocks. NSSO data reveal that 45. 9 million farmer households in the country (51. 4 per cent), out of a total of 89. 3 million households do not have access to credit, either from institutional or non-institutional sources (Government of India, 2008). Further, despite the vast network of bank branches, only 27 per cent of total farm households are indebted to formal sources (of which one-third also borrow from informal sources).Farm households not accessing credit from formal sources as a proportion to total farm households is especially high at 95. 91 per cent, 81. 26 per cent and 77. 59 per cent in the north-eastern, eastern and central regions respectively. Thus, apart from the fact that exclusion in general is large, it also varies widely across regions, social groups and asset holdings. The poorer the group, the greater is the exclusion (RBI, 2008). The RBI has observed that out of 600,000 habitations in the country, only about 5 per cent have a commercial bank branch (RBI, 2010).Also only about 61 per cent of the population across the country has bank account (savings), and this ratio is much lower in the north-eastern states. Further, 18 per cent of the population has debit cards and about 2 per cent has credit cards (RBI, 2011). India has a significantly low level of financial penetration compared with OECD countries. Further, while the access to bank branches in India fares better than that of China and Indonesia it is worse off when compared with Malaysia and Thailan d. However, in terms of financial access through ATMs, India fares poorly compared to select Asian peer group countries (RBI, 2010[2]).In view of the poor level of financial inclusion in India, the RBI has accorded top-most policy priority to financial inclusion, by advising commercial banks, to formulate specific Board approved Financial Inclusion Plans (FIP) and to act on them on a mission mode. Banks were also advised by the RBI to provide banking services tin every village having a population of over 2000 by 31 March 2012, through bank branches as well as through various ICT-based models including through Business Correspondents (BCs).Banks were also encouraged to cover the peripheral villages with population less than 2000. There has been some improvement in the status of financial inclusion in the country in the last couple of years. Yet the extent of financial exclusion is staggering. Out of every 1000 persons, only 99 had a credit account and 600 had a deposit account as at end-March 2011. This underlined the need to strengthen the financial inclusion drive through well thought out policies (RBI, 2011).Against this backdrop this paper attempts to examine and analyse policy issues related to the promotion of financial inclusion through various institutional and product innovations, and their impact on the achievement of widespread and sustainable inclusive growth. Rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II presents the status of financial inclusion in India. State-wise Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) has been developed in Section III. Section IV analyses the role of institutions in promoting financial inclusion.Section V examines innovations in financial inclusion which could lead to inclusive growth. Demand side innovations for financial inclusion have been analyzed in Section VI. Section VII concludes the paper and suggests policy initiatives for the achievement of inclusive growth through financial inclusion. II. Status of Financial Inc lusion in India There has been a consistent increase in the penetration of banking services in India in recent years. However, the rate of increase in the penetration of banking services in the rural and semi-urban areas has been much lower than that in the urban areas.Further, penetration of banking services has been lower in the central, eastern and north-eastern regions of the country compared to the more developed northern, southern and western regions. In order to address this issue, the RBI liberalized the branch authorization policy in December 2009, giving freedom to domestic scheduled commercial banks to open branches at Tier 3 to 6 centres (with population of up to 49,999 as per the Population Census of 2001) without having the need to take permission from RBI in each case, subject to reporting.The RBI has been encouraging banks to expand their network both through setting up of new branches and through the Business Correspondent (BC) model by leveraging upon information a nd communication technology (ICT). This has resulted in an improvement in the status of financial inclusion in 2010-11 over the previous year, as indicated in Table 1. However, the extent of financial exclusion is still quite substantial. This is evident from the fact that only 61. 2 per cent of the population had a deposit account, and 9. 9 per cent had a credit account.Hence, the extent of financial exclusion underscores the need to focus on the strengthening of the financial inclusion drive through a planned, coordinated and innovative approach. Table 1 Progress of Financial Inclusion in India |Sl. No. |Indicator |2009-10 |2010-11 | |1 |Credit-GDP Ratio |53. 4 |54. 6 | |2 |Credit-Deposit Ratio |73. |76. 5 | |3 |Population per Bank Branch |14,000 |13,138 | |4 |Population per ATM |19,700 |16,243 | |5 |Percentage of Population having deposit accounts|55. 8 |61. 2 | |6 |Percentage of Population having credit accounts |9. 3 |9. | |7 |Percentage of Population having debit cards |15. 2 |18. 8 | |8 |Branches opened in Tier 3-6 centres as a per |40. 3 |55. 4 | | |cent of total new bank branches | | | |9 |Branches opened in hitherto unbanked centres as |5. 6 |9. | | |a per cent of total new bank branches | | | Source: Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2010-11, RBI During 2010-11 4826 new branches of scheduled commercial banks were opened. It may be observed from Table 2 that majority of the branches (66. 4 per cent) were opened in the more developed regions viz. northern (23. 2 per cent), southern (26. 2 per cent) and western (17. 0 per cent). The less developed regions accounted for 33. per cent of new branches opened viz. central (18. 1 per cent), eastern (13. 5 per cent) and north-eastern (2. 0 per cent). Further, rural and semi-urban branches accounted for 22. 3 per cent and 41. 7 per cent of new branches, respectively. On the other hand, the share of urban and metropolitan branches stood at 17. 9 per cent and 18. 1 per cent, respectively. Table 2 Distribution of New Bank Branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks across Regions and Population Groups (2010-11) |Regions |No. of new branches |Population groups |No. f new branches | |Central |874 (18. 1) |Rural |1077 (22. 3) | |Eastern |650 (13. 5) |Semi-urban |2011 (41. 7) | |North Eastern |97 (2. 0) |Urban |865 (17. 9) | |Northern |1120 (23. 2) |Metropolitan |873 (18. ) | |Southern |1263 (26. 2) | | | |Western |822 (17. 0) | | | |Total |4826 | |4826 | Note: Figures in parentheses are percentages to total new bank branches. Source: Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2010-11, RBIA major instrument of financial inclusion is the Kisan Credit Card (KCC). KCC enables farmers to access credit at the right time, to meet their pre-sowing as well as well as post-harvest needs. Region-wise and institution-wise status of sanction of KCC as on 31 March 2011 is furnished in Table 3. It may be observed that the southern region accounted for the highest share of KCC issued (36. 3 pe r cent) and the amount sanctioned (32. 5 per cent), followed by the central region with 22. 8 per cent of KCC issued and 23. 7 per cent of the amount sanctioned.The eastern region was ranked third with 17. 2 per cent of cards issued, but was ranked fourth with 10. 2 per cent of the amount sanctioned. The northern region which was ranked fourth (12. 6 per cent) in terms of cards issued, was ranked third in terms of amount sanctioned (23. 6 per cent). The more developed western region, however, accounted for 9. 5 per cent of cards issued and 9. 2 per cent of amount sanctioned. The least developed north-eastern region accounted for 1. 6 per cent of cards issued and 0. 8 per cent of the amount sanctioned.Government of India has launched a programme called ‘Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India (BGREI)’ in the states of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, with a view to address the constraints limiting the productivity o f rice based cropping systems. BGREI is expected to raise the demand for agriculture credit and accordingly, banks need to give a special thrust to issuing KCC in these states. Among institutions, the share of commercial banks was the highest in terms of the number of KCC issued (54. per cent) as well as amount sanctioned (69. 4 per cent). While the share of cooperative banks in terms of the number of KCC issued was higher (27. 7 per cent) than that of RRBs (17. 4 per cent), the share of RRBs (15. 8 per cent) was higher than that of cooperative banks (14. 8 per cent) in terms of amount sanctioned. It is, therefore, imperative that in order to achieve greater financial inclusion, there should be a focus on strengthening RRBs and the cooperative credit institutions. Table 3 Kisan Credit Card Scheme (As on 31 March 2011) (Amount in `crore and Number of cards issued in ‘000) |Cooperative Banks |RRBs |Commercial Banks |Total | |Region |Cards Issued |Amount Sanctioned |Cards Issued |Amount |Cards Issued |Amount | | | | | |Sanctioned | |Sanctioned | |High Financial | | | | | | | |Inclusion (0. 5-1) | | | | | | |Punjab |1. 00 |0. 85 |0. 34 |0. 61 |1 |6 | |Karnataka |0. 75 |0. 59 |0. 48 |0. 59 |2 |9 | |Maharashtra |0. 61 |0. 37 |1. 00 |0. 57 |3 |2 | |Kerala |0. 92 |0. 85 |0. 28 |0. 57 |4 |10 | |Tamil Nadu |0. 74 |0. 50 |0. 9 |0. 52 |5 |4 | |Himachal Pradesh |0. 86 |0. 98 |0. 16 |0. 51 |6 |11 | | | | | | | | | |Medium Financial | | | | | | | |Inclusion (0. 3-0. 5) | | | | | | | |Uttarakhand |0. 71 |0. 4 |0. 15 |0. 46 |7 |5 | |Haryana |0. 71 |0. 65 |0. 17 |0. 45 |8 |1 | |Andhra Pradesh |0. 74 |0. 46 |0. 26 |0. 45 |9 |8 | |All-India |0. 50 |0. 35 |0. 40 |0. 41 | | | |Jammu & Kashmir |0. 57 |0. 41 |0. 24 |0. 39 |10 |21 | |Sikkim |0. 7 |0. 81 |0. 07 |0. 37 |11 |3 | |Gujarat |0. 54 |0. 42 |0. 17 |0. 36 |12 |7 | |West Bengal |0. 44 |0. 25 |0. 29 |0. 32 |13 |17 | | | | | | | | | |Low Financial | | | | | | | |Inclusion (

Greeks Binge Drinking essays

Greeks Binge Drinking essays Greek life has always had its problems with underage and binge drinking. Though, lately it seems like the number of problems and even deaths due to binge drinking has been on the rise. To try curbing these problems, the Pan-Hellenic council, which is the governing body of all sororities on CMUs campus, has decided to drastically change one of their alcohol policies. This change has come in the form of article 12 which states, that no sorority or sorority member may partake in any party at a fraternity house, were alcohol is present. On the other hand, fraternities here at CMU are not showing the same support for article twelve that sororities have. With this mixed reaction for article 12 it is going to be hard to instill and enforce the rule to fraternity and sorority members. First, lets take a look at CMUs past alcohol policies that fraternities and sororities had to abide by. According to, Central Michigans web site on alcohol awareness; fraternities have had a consistent alcohol policy that has stayed the same since they have been registered organizations on CMUs campus. Fraternities are allowed to drink in their houses, and have parties with alcohol present. The only restrictions that they have is that they are not allowed to have full keg barrels in their houses, and they must provide a beer check at all their parties (1). A beer check is a place were sorority and fraternity members, who are attending the party, may check in their beer with a sober brother for safe keeping. The check can come in the form of a number of things. It may be a cooler filled with ice, or even a full sized refrigerator. On the other hand, Sororities had a much different alcohol policy in the past. All sorority houses are dry, which means that they are always drug and alcohol free. This rule still remains in effect and is strictly enforced. Also, sorority members were allo ...

Geometry and Its Relation to Video Games

Geometry and Its Relation to Video Games Free Online Research Papers The definition of the word â€Å"Geometry† is a surprisingly short one. The definition is the mathematics of the properties, measurement, and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids. It sounds like a fairly complete definition, but it really isn’t. Geometry expands on so much more than that. Geometry is everywhere in our every day lives. Everything we look at, every second of the day has at least some kind of geometric property to it, for example, the I-Pod you use everyday. That thing is chock-full of geometry. The screen is a rectangle, one of the most basic geometric shapes there is. The pixels that make up that screen are little squares which consist of 3 small rectangles facing vertically. The three rectangles use the 3 base colors, Red, Green, and Blue, which are individually lit at different brightness’s to create a shade of color, and all the other pixels on the screen work in conjunction with each other to produce one image on the screen. It’s a very fascinating subject. Without modern geometry, the I-pod wouldn’t exist, or if it did, it would most likely look far different from what it does now. Geometry is believed to have been discovered back in 30,000BC, by our ancient ancestors. It all started with Paleolithic peoples in central Europe and France recording numbers on bones. Then as the years went on, the Babylonians and the Egyptians had their own things going on as well. The Egyptians started using hieroglyphic numerals, and the Babylonians started using a sexagesimal number system for recording financial transactions. Then later, the abacus was developed, and more astounding events in mathematical history came to being. Video games have been using geometry for decades. They have been using them in abstract and non-abstract ways. The first games to use geometry were the old Two-Dimensional arcade games we all knew and love back in the late 70’s and 80’s. An example would be old school Atari, and another example would be the old NES. Those used simple 8-bit graphics systems which consisted of little squares of different colors, which when combined in the right fashion, created well defined shapes and characters. We also can’t forget about the old arcade games we used to play, like Battlezone, which came out in 1980. That game was heavily reliant on geometry. That game used little triangles, trapezoids, and squares to create Three-Dimensional looking tanks and objects. There is also another golden oldie that most people know about and play more than once a week. The game is called Tetris. It was originally conceived by a man named Alexey Pajitnov, and was released in 1985. It is a favorite amongst many people across the world. It involves using irregular geometric shapes created by sequences of squares joined together. The objective is to form an uninterrupted line of squares across one area of the playing field to continue the game, and get points. You can rotate these shapes to have them fit into the empty gaps the way you want them to, in order to strategically form a line. This game used geometry in a very simple way, but nowadays geometry is used in a far, far more sophisticated way than ever before. Now we have Pixel Shaders, Anisotropic Filtering, and Dynamic Shadows and the huge multitude of complex things that make modern video games, such as Call of Duty 3 or the upcoming title, â€Å"Crysis†, look as good as they do. With the upgrades in hardware that game consoles have received over the years, it’s no surprise to the tech geeks, and non-geeks alike, that games are looking more and more lifelike every day. With these huge advances in hardware technology, it brings whole new ways to the table, to utilize geometry towards the development of video games. A video game will start off as a concept, then advance into the first few lines of code that start its primary development. A video game cannot become a video game unless it has a graphics engine. The graphics engine consists of all the lines of code and data needed in order to make use of all this amazing hardware technology and most importantly, geometry. The way geometry is used, is actually simpler than it seems. First it starts out with the Software Development Kit that is used to make the game. The artists who use the Software Development Kit have to create the Maps, or Environments that the player will be playing in through the duration of the game. Everything in a video game starts out as a wire frame model. This wire frame model is made up of a huge multitude of polygons. The amount of polygons in the model depends on the complexity of the graphics engine and what platform the game is intended for. For example, a game that is to be released on the Xbox360 would have a lot of polygons in the models. A game to be released on the Playstation2 would have a much lower amount of polygons in the models because there is far less rendering power in the Playstation2 than there is in the Xbox360. It takes a lot of power to render all those polygons and texture them, and add all the lighting for the environment, and add shaders, and everyt hing that goes into making a final output image. The characters of the video game go through a very similar process. They are all made up of a wire frame as well. These are called player models. Player Models have the thousands of polygons, the other models do not. There are fewer polygons around the leg area, fewer around the stomach, but far, far more as you go up and once you get to the face you won’t be able to count them anymore. There used to be very few polygons in Player Models. As the years went on however, the amount of polygons kept increasing to the beautiful graphics we have today. Geometry is also used in movies too. In order to create the mind blowing special effects we see in Sci-Fi films, the same principles are used. You use a Software Development kit, and then you create a wire frame model of what you want to do, then finish it by adding lighting and shaders to the scene, and texturing your wire frame. This has been a procedure used by all the special effects companies such as Industrial Light and Magic and Weta Digital. One of the first major CGI characters to use geometry in order for it to come to the screen was the water face in the movie called, â€Å"The Abyss†. It was revolutionary It’s amazing how much geometry there is in this world, and how much of it we don’t notice. It’s not like we neglect to notice, we just can’t notice because of all of our other daily concerns whether it be getting to work on time, or just simply going to sleep. There is so much to still be discovered in Geometry; uses for it, new shapes, and many other things. It is just a matter of time before we discover it all, and there is nothing left. Research Papers on Geometry and It’s Relation to Video GamesThe Hockey GameAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital PunishmentMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is Art

Study Guide for The Piano Lesson Play

Study Guide for 'The Piano Lesson' Play The Piano Lesson is part of August Wilsons cycle of 10 plays known as the Pittsburg Cycle. Each play explores the lives of African-American families. The dramas take place in a different decade, from the early 1900s until the 1990s. The Piano Lesson premiered in 1987 at the Yale Repertory Theatre. Overview of the Play Set in Pittsburg during 1936, The Piano Lesson centers on the conflicting wills of a brother and sister (Boy Willie and Berniece) as they vie for possession of their familys most important heirloom, the piano. Boy Willie wants to sell the piano. With the money, he plans to buy land from the Sutters, a white family whose patriarch helped murder Boy Willies father. Berniece, 35, insists that the piano will stay in her home. She even pockets her late husbands gun to ensure the pianos security. So, why the power struggle over a musical instrument? To answer that, one must understand the history of Berniece and Boy Willys family (the Charles family), as well as a symbolic analysis of the piano. The Story of the Piano During Act One, Boy Willys Uncle Doaker recounts a series of tragic events in their familys history. During the 1800s, the Charles family was owned by a farmer named Robert Sutter. As an anniversary present, Robert Sutter traded two slaves for a piano. The exchanged slaves were Boy Willies grandfather (who was only 9 years old at the time) and great-grandmother (after whom Berniece was named). Mrs. Sutter loved the piano, but she missed the company of her slaves. She became so upset she refused to get out of bed. When Robert Sutter was unable to trade back the slaves, he gave a special task to Boy Willies great-grandfather (after whom Boy Willie was named). Boy Willies great-grandfather was a gifted carpenter and artist. Robert Sutter ordered him to carve pictures of the slaves into the wood of the piano so that Mrs. Sutter would not miss them as much. Of course, Boy Willies great-grandfather missed his family more earnestly than the slave owners. So, he carved beautiful portraits of his wife and child, as well as other images: His mother, Mama EstherHis father, Boy CharlesHis marriageHis sons birthHis mothers funeralThe day his family was taken away In short, the piano is more than an heirloom; it is a work of art, embodying the familys joy and heartache. Taking the Piano After the Civil War, members of the Charles family continued to live and work in the south. Three grandchildren of the aforementioned slaves are important characters of The Piano Lesson. The three brothers are: Boy Charles: The father of Boy Willie and Berniece.Doaker: A longtime railroad worker who has for all intents and purposes retired from the worldWining Boy: A lousy gambler and formerly-talented musician. During the 1900s, Boy Charles constantly complained about the Sutter familys ownership of the piano. He believed that the Charles family was still enslaved so long as the Sutters kept the piano, symbolically holding the Charles family legacy hostage. On July 4, the three brothers took the piano away while the Sutters enjoyed a family picnic. Doaker and Wining Boy transported the piano to another county, but Boy Charles stayed behind. That night, Sutter and his posse set fire to Boy Charles home. Boy Charles attempted to escape by train (the 3:57 Yellow Dog, to be exact), but Sutters men blocked the railroad. They set fire to the boxcar, murdering Boy Charles and four homeless men. Over the next 25 years, the murderers met a dreadful fate of their own. Some of them mysteriously fell down their own well. A rumor spread that the Ghosts of the Yellow Dog sought revenge. Others contend that ghosts had nothing to do with the death of Sutter and his men - that living and breathing men threw them into a well. Throughout The Piano Lesson, Sutters ghost appears to each of the characters. His presence can be seen as a supernatural character or the symbolic remnant of an oppressive society that still attempts to intimidate the Charles family.

About Helios - Greek God of the Sun

About Helios - Greek God of the Sun Definition: Helios is the Greek sun god and the sun itself. He is equated with the Roman Sol. Helios drives a chariot led by four fire-breathing horses across the sky each day. At night he is carried back to his starting place in a great divinely-wrought cup. In Mimnermus (fl. 37th Olympiad; Ionian Greek poet), Helios vehicle is a winged, golden bed. From his lofty traveling vehicle, Helios sees everything that happens during the day, so he acts as tale-bearer to the gods. Persephone Story Helios saw Hades abducting Persephone. Demeter didnt think to ask him about her missing daughter   but wandered the earth morosely for months until her friend, the witchcraft goddess Hekate suggested that Helios might have been an eye witness. Venus and Mars Caught in a Net Story Helios owed Hephaestus for the cup that carries him to his morning daily starting point, which the smithy god had made for him, so when he witnessed an event of importance to Hephaestus, he didnt keep it to himself. He hurried to reveal the affair between Hephaestus wife Aphrodite and Ares. Parentage and Family Although Hyperion may simply be part of Helios name, usually Helios parents are the Titans Hyperion and Theia; his sisters are Selene and Eos. Helios married the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, Perseis or Perse, by whom he had Aeetes, Circe, and Pasiphae. By the Oceanid Clymene, Helios had a son Phaethon and maybe Augeas, and 3 daughters, Aegiale, Aegle, and Aetheria. These 3 daughters and two Helios had by Neaera, Lampetie, and Phaethusa, were known as the Heliades. Sun God: Helios to Apollo Around the time of Euripides, the sun of Helios became identified with Apollo. Source: Oskar Seyffert (1894) A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities Go to Other Ancient / Classical History Glossary pages beginning with the letter a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | wxyz Pronunciation: hÄ“.lÄ“.os Also Known As: Hyperion Alternate Spellings: Helius

Reynold Defense Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reynold Defense Firm - Essay Example Moreover, the communication strategy eliminates issues of delay and client dissatisfaction, which may have adverse impacts on the business activities of the firm. The media channels allow the firm to exploit an environmental advantage since our services don’t discriminate customers on grounds of financial strengths. The call services provide free consultation opportunities a move not experienced with most legal firms. In matters of dependability to offer legal assistance with no emphasis on financial gain, the firm is a winner. Their services get based on the founders numerous encounters with the legal system on issue majoring with DUI. The members of staff have developed efficient communication skills that allow for the delivering of quality responses customized so that it can suit the prevailing situation. Other than the online communication media, the firm has a newsletter that outlines some of the developing issues relating to the legal system. In these newsletters, the firm provides several remedies and measures that people should take when faced with a criminal or DUI charge. Individuals can also email the firm outlining their charges to receive free advice or seek representation in any region in Oregon. All media channels adopted ensure a successful dialog between the clients and a legal representative from the

E-government Program of Saudi Arabia Dissertation

E-government Program of Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example In conclusion, the implementation of the Yesser program will allow technology to be used as a way of further refining existing processes in order to eventually promote economic growth. As such, most countries nowadays have their own e-government program which they use to achieve their own ends. Table 14. Frequency and percentage breakdown: The countrys economy would improve upon the implementation of the Yesser program, in the aspect that investors would find it easier to transact with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (government employees). Table 21. Frequency and percentage breakdown: The implementation of the e-government program would allow a better medium for sharing knowledge and information within government agencies (government employees). On a global scale, governments have placed high importance on the adoption of a new program referred to as e-government, as it resembles a fundamental change in the structure of any nations public sector and cultivation of culture (Silcock 2001; Lofstedt, 2005). In addition, it is also beneficial in the process of conducting business through the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in government agencies. Prior to the introduction of such a concept, public sectors mainly focused on internal automation through the utilization of data processing machines as a means to gain efficiency in processing e-government services. The Saudi government has adopted an e-government program for political, economic, social and technological reasons.